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The Evolution of Inventions: From Stone Tools to Artificial Intelligence

Introduction

Humanity's journey through history is inextricably linked to the evolution of inventions. Inventions, defined as novel creations that solve problems or fulfill needs, have propelled societies from primitive survival to sophisticated global interconnectedness. This evolution is not merely a timeline of gadgets and machines but a reflection of human ingenuity, cultural shifts, and technological paradigms. From the earliest stone tools crafted by our ancestors to the cutting-edge artificial intelligence systems of today, inventions have transformed how we live, work, and interact. This essay explores the key stages in the evolution of inventions, highlighting pivotal milestones, the driving forces behind them, and their profound impacts on civilization.

The Dawn of Invention: Prehistoric and Ancient Eras

The roots of invention trace back to prehistoric times, when early humans relied on rudimentary tools for survival. Around 2.5 million years ago, during the Stone Age, hominids like Homo habilis fashioned the first known tools—simple hand axes and scrapers made from flint. These inventions were born out of necessity, enabling hunting, food preparation, and shelter-building. The evolution here was gradual, driven by trial and error rather than systematic innovation.

As societies advanced into the Bronze Age (circa 3000 BCE), metallurgy emerged as a game-changer. The invention of bronze tools and weapons in regions like Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt marked a shift from stone to metal, enhancing durability and efficiency. This period also saw the birth of writing systems, such as cuneiform in Sumeria, which allowed for the recording and dissemination of knowledge. Inventions like the wheel (around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia) revolutionized transportation and trade, laying the groundwork for complex civilizations.

Ancient civilizations further accelerated this evolution. The Greeks and Romans contributed engineering marvels, including aqueducts, arches, and the Antikythera mechanism—an early analog computer from around 100 BCE used for astronomical predictions. These inventions were often supported by philosophical inquiry and empirical observation, setting the stage for scientific methodology. The key driver in this era was human curiosity combined with practical needs, fostering a cycle where inventions spurred further discoveries.

The Renaissance and Enlightenment: A Surge in Scientific Innovation

The Middle Ages saw incremental progress, with inventions like the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440 CE transforming information access. However, the Renaissance (14th–17th centuries) ignited a explosive phase in the evolution of inventions. Leonardo da Vinci's sketches of flying machines, parachutes, and armored vehicles exemplified the era's blend of art and science. This period emphasized humanism and observation, leading to breakthroughs like the telescope by Hans Lippershey in 1608, which Galileo refined to revolutionize astronomy.

The Enlightenment (17th–18th centuries) built on this foundation, emphasizing reason and experimentation. James Watt's steam engine improvements in 1769 epitomized this shift, powering factories and locomotives. Inventions during this time were increasingly collaborative, influenced by institutions like the Royal Society in England. The evolution here moved from isolated genius to organized inquiry, with patents emerging to protect intellectual property and incentivize innovation. These developments not only boosted productivity but also reshaped social structures, contributing to urbanization and the rise of capitalism.

The Industrial Revolutions: Mechanization and Mass Production

The First Industrial Revolution (late 18th to early 19th century) marked a pivotal acceleration in invention evolution. Powered by coal and steam, inventions like the spinning jenny (1764) by James Hargreaves and the power loom mechanized textile production, leading to factory systems. This era's inventions focused on efficiency and scale, driven by economic demands and resource availability. The telegraph (1837) by Samuel Morse introduced instantaneous communication, shrinking the world.

The Second Industrial Revolution (late 19th to early 20th century) introduced electricity and assembly lines. Thomas Edison's incandescent light bulb (1879) and Nikola Tesla's alternating current system electrified homes and industries. Henry Ford's assembly line (1913) democratized automobile production, making inventions accessible to the masses. This period saw the rise of corporate research labs, like Bell Labs, where inventions were systematically pursued for commercial gain. The evolution emphasized interconnected systems—electricity enabling appliances, telephones fostering networks—profoundly altering daily life and global economies.

The Third Industrial Revolution, or Digital Revolution (mid-20th century onward), integrated electronics and computing. The transistor (1947) by Bell Labs engineers miniaturized electronics, leading to the personal computer. Tim Berners-Lee's World Wide Web (1989) interconnected information globally. Inventions evolved from mechanical to digital, driven by Moore's Law—the exponential doubling of transistors on microchips—enabling rapid iteration and miniaturization.

The Modern Era: Information Age and Beyond

Today, we stand in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, characterized by fusion technologies like AI, biotechnology, and quantum computing. Inventions such as smartphones (e.g., Apple's iPhone in 2007) combine computing, communication, and sensing into pocket-sized devices. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing (2012) by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier promises medical revolutions, while renewable energy inventions like advanced solar panels address climate challenges.

The evolution in this era is marked by convergence—AI enhancing robotics, big data fueling personalized medicine—and globalization, with open-source platforms accelerating collaboration. Driving forces include data abundance, venture capital, and ethical considerations, as inventions raise questions about privacy, inequality, and sustainability.

Conclusion

The evolution of inventions is a testament to human adaptability and foresight, progressing from survival tools to world-altering technologies. Each era built upon the last, influenced by cultural, economic, and scientific contexts. While early inventions addressed basic needs, modern ones tackle complex global issues, often blurring lines between creation and creator—as seen in AI's self-improving capabilities. Looking forward, the trajectory suggests even greater integration, perhaps with neural interfaces or sustainable fusion energy. Ultimately, inventions do not merely evolve; they redefine humanity, urging us to wield them responsibly for a brighter future.

Applying the APPs

If you are thinking of starting up but unsure about the fate of your business idea then you might need two things in your armory.
1st is a solid revenue model wherein your business idea explains itself to the potential customers and you don't need to spend time explaining the details about the complex machinations which might or might not matter in the end.

2nd things is a well functioning APP which gives your new business venture the needed validity in the minds of your customers.

It is not just the APP that increases the business but the fact itself that you have a dedicated APP plays in the minds of the potential customers.

The belief and confidence of the promoter has in her/his product or offering can only be validated in today's world by showcasing the product/offering the modern world's most omnipresent market place and that is Google Play Store.


Now i might be wrong or off the mark but this fact cannot be disputed that today every company or firm which is even slightly believable has it's own APP available in the GPS.

Also a new customer can believe in your business idea or product only if she/he sees a verifiable,usable and tangible product offering due to which having an APP dedicated o your business venture is no longer an option but a hygiene factor at best.

Sci-Fi Short Film "PETS"

How we might actually visit the exoplanets?

Hi All,
            Of the hundred million viewership count for a big sporting event how many of them actually watch the match live in the stadium; not more than a couple of thousand or may be a hundred thousand if it's something rare, similarly I personally don't feel many of us will ever visit outer space or some fancy new planets even in next 300 years and frankly with robotics advancing at a pace faster than our pace of advancement in space travel technologies it would only be a matter of prestige or a rare reason to embark on a deep space manned project beyond mars and not due to a genuine scientific exploratory premise.
Now I know what you must be thinking that my views are too pessimistic but I beg to differ and in fact I think this will happen in just 30 years now suddenly I must be sounding a bit too enthusiastic or a fan of Elon musk but no I am just suggesting that this will happen with the help of not our rockets but our visualization software, zettaflop level supercomputer ran simulations and giant telescopes which are being planned by various organizations as well as deep space based telescopes which will offer us and when I say "us" it means the global middle class and not just the millionaires or billionaires with an opportunity to experience the landscapes of other planets and virtually visit other planets from the comfort of our PC or virtual reality devices and in some cases specially designed theatres for this sole purpose; now jump a fifty or a hundred years more and you will realize the potential and scope of this phenomenon of virtually visiting other planets and asteroids with ever improving technologies and ultimately this might develop into a new form of entertainment industry with the help our future generations who would have by then grown allergic to what we today perceive as entertainment just like people now don't watch gladiator style battles in stadiums but prefer to play a Xbox or PlayStation game instead however I conveniently forgot to mention the scripted WWE matches which the people still enjoy
my bad
          

I brokeup with my StartUp

In a not so cute romance novel a cute looking girl meets a seemingly smart boy and they seem to get along well with one another and the rest you can read from any of the many romance novels available on eBay but their is a new kid in the block which is cheesy enough to give your mind a High blood pressure.

These seemingly inspiring books with titles like "How to become a millionaire in billion ways?" or "how to be the next blah..ionaire read(billionaire)" are warming the virtual shelves of E-book stores of all shapes and sizes which are called "start-up romances".
Now let us dissect into the source of inspiration of these inspirational books and you might find yourself surrounded by romance schemes and plots of all kind mentioned in the teen specific romance novels

Remember the formula romances which well might had been prescribed by the male doctors from the medical romances of M&B however outlandish it may sound but the same formula holds true for a “start-up idea” in these old kind of new books called "start-up romances"  where an unevenly cooked up start-up venture in the form of an attractive girl or a handsome hunk enters into an ideal world romantic landscape and the rest is again available on ebay where portrayal of the start-up phenomenon is done in the same way writers deal with love affairs.

But the problem starts when people after getting inspired from these novels start thinking of reaching multimillion dollar start-up valuations without realizing that nurturing a start-up is much more difficult than being in a high school relationship.

Actually the real life story unfolds in a very similar manner in both the cases unlike the novels that is with each passing day the interest and the so called love towards your start-up heads south without exception if the “start-up idea" doesn’t meet our expectations which was once fueled by our initial excitement and euphoria regarding a start-up which led us to drawing conclusions like “Yes” “this is it..this is the gate with the Bill in it”,“Hell yeah..i am the next jobs”.

Now replace the word “start-up” with “love interest” and you will know exactly what I am talking about and very soon people start discovering that may be "this wasn't right read(shouldn't have invested into this)"  or "this isn't working anymore read(i need to take a job)" and lastly "we need to move on read(i am worked up)" the only seemingly difference in this case is that a "worked up" start-up might ruin your finances more than a broken relationship even if you discount the mental turmoil an individual might face in both the scenarios.

Actually the above story is unfolding in more cases than one so much so that start-ups are like the relationships which sprout in suburban colleges where kids end up screwing each other's semester grades more than anything else trying the freshly baked romance dishes on each other inspired from romance novels not realizing that "the dish" was out from the oven well before their parents decided to marry.
But the Irony is neither the formulas of romance novels nor the romanticized business books with half baked start-up success stories can help us attain the desired results in real life.

On a brighter note this can be said that great start-ups are like great relationships which survive the test of time and even if it doesn't they leaves us with ample sweet and sour experiences which ultimately makes us wiser.

Can you Start me up?

Their were days when people dreamt of becoming "the next bill gates or Steve jobs" but then the internet start-ups came and everything changed
Earlier start-ups meant starting a brick and mortar business built over a new technological, market or social innovation but nowadays internet start-ups have taken their place which are much easier to start but at the same time much more prone to "endups" as well.
One more intriguing point is that today too many start-ups depend upon borrowed ideas from the net which is otherwise fine until unless you start typing...

"New ideas for start-ups" on the Google search bar.

A start-up which is inspired from an another start-up doing well is bound to fail because you might end up following a mirage.
but why?
simply because so many people in the world are thinking about the same thing at the same time that whenever you will try to emulate a particular start-up or a internet business model; its most likely that you are already part of a queue(which is to copy the successful model) which will lead you to nowhere

If a start-up idea is not fueled from within and as a result of the surrounding environment(including your online life) it is bound to fail just like an Iron Man suit will fail without the "legendary Arc reactor".

Similarly a start-up which doesn't have its own "arc reactor" is bound to end up being a heap of scrap similar to what could happen to an Iron Man suit without the energy source.

Therefore a great start-up will always have its own "Arc reactor" no matter what; it can be an idea, a unique talent or even a trade secret but one thing is for sure that without it their is no point wasting time building "Iron patriots" or Iron suits which cannot fly because we are not fortunate enough in the real world to have a friend like Tony stark who would lend you his "Arc reactor" which he invented due to circumstances more than anything else.

Nine quick routes to a Failed Start up

"Nine quick routes to a Failed Start up" is an attempt to inform people about things which wait for a average MBA graduate outside his College.
Hi All,

First Way: Not planning the revenue model early on.

Second Way: Having more partners than actually needed

Third way: Over Investing in the initial phase

Fourth way: Being generous with your employees,customers,suppliers and partners.

Fifth way: Lacking periodic audits notably checking the profits and viability every fortnight.

Sixth way: Trying something outlandish

Seventh way: Believing in unsubstantiated market predictions and surveys because in real life these surveys counts for a big zero.

Eighth Way: Over believing on your employees about their ability

Ninth Way: Business Plans because their are none which actually succeed in real market without alterations and modifications.
Thanks for reading

Can you make me an Android Phone?

Almost everything is said and is being discussed as far as 3D printing is concerned if you refer to tech sites and blogs but as soon as you dig deeper into it and start analyzing its impact on the global economy and manufacturing space; things start to turn hazy.
Firstly most of the factories and industrial complexes would face closure in emerging markets as well as in the US because of 3D printing taking over the global manufacturing scene which eventually would happen sooner or later though.
But there is a bigger question which we need to think over which might or might not get discussed in the near future which is
Are we willing to take such a great leap in terms of technology?
3D printing coupled with robotics in next 200 years can effectively render the industrial complexes and industries obsolete which in turn might make physical labor a thing of the past and this might have huge implications on our current socio-economic order and employment patterns therefore frankly speaking maybe this is the real reason the policymakers, as well as corporations, are taking things gradually because they do understand this game-changing technology and its impact better than us and as it is said in the movie "Man of Steel" that "world is not ready for it yet" or we can think that Chinese can still do it in a cheaper and in a more humane way even if that sounds a bit metaphorical in away.
However, the technology is still not there yet but should eventually evolve and graduate to Mall like manufacturing plants were semi-customized electronic goods, as well as household products, could be designed and manufactured on spot for the customers.
Maybe you and I will not see the light of that day until of course, you live in an environment controlled penthouse with bio-engineered food intake and regular organ transplants which should hopefully enable you to live on until the turn of 22nd or 23rd century.
This might be noted that the above article is a part of tech-speculation.

We might do without Time Travel?

Although the Wright brother's first flight video is available in the YouTube how many of us can truly enjoy that video without noticing the outdated quality in which it was shot and the back ground piano score with which it was released but with ever growing tribe of video-loggers in YouTube continuously uploading video-logs and the amazing speed at which this data is being updated in terms of never seen before street views and personalized experiences shared at a breadth taking speed which someday would result into viewing our past on a scale never before imagined by our present or previous generations.

People have been dreaming of being able to live the wonder days from the past be it the beetles concert day excitement or when the people gathered in times square to celebrate the V-J Day or may be a just an unimportant but vibratious day when it was called "The tenderloin" and this dream of us have motivated many Hollywood movie directors to come up with tales involving time travel(into the past) or movies set in those era to help us live those days.

By one count with over 1 billion users and 300 hours of videos being uploaded to the YouTube every minute which is forming a database of our present at an magnitude which can easily with the help of some simulations in future can help people literally live in their past and live the moments and life they missed while being busy taking the regular walk of life.

Imagine if our grandfather had the chance of living his first Rock concert by way of a video-log which if could have been recorded in those days with a UHD 3D camcorder by one of the thousands present with him in that concert and this very thing is being done not for our grand parents but us by none other than YouTube.

May be most of us have realized it already or may be some will figure it out eventually that the ongoing Vlog phenomenon will very soon make us all experience our good old days in a never before way.

Whatever the future may hold in store for us but for me which may sound to some a bit chivalrous but still this Vlog phenomenon could be the next best thing available to us after "Time Travel".

Private Planets

"People who haven't watched Movies like Avatar and are unaware of the concepts of Death-star should avoid sarcasm"~A Failed Sci-Fi movie director
Every now and then we hear about people and corporations buying islands in order to develop a family resort or Very High Net Worth Individuals trying to buy private islands with sprawling pent houses in the name of privacy but still they end up criticizing the media and people for trying to spoil their privacy and freedom.

Then we have audacious people like Sir Richard Bronson who are trying to leave earth for quite sometime now with little success to cheer him up but we also have people like Elon Musk who is ambitious enough to develop rocket engines similar to soviet ones for his space program although with better and more practical goals among the people who are looking forward to leaving this planet; then we have a corporation(although not for profit) called "Mars One" who have set their sight on Mars like moving to Mars is their birth right and they shall have it no matter what.

Therefore contemplating private planets as the ultimate epitome of seclusion and privacy for Earth's ultra rich people in future(in order of a couple of centuries) may not be that far fetched after all; but the question which is more cumbersome is
How?
Firstly we should be able to develop technologies such as spaceships suited for Deep space travel along with it economic uses for the resources potentially extracted from other planets to make such a project economically viable even for potential "trillionaires" of future but wait a minute

Do we have planets close enough to our home in order to pursue this wildly impractical but literally heavenly dream of owning a planet?

Actually "Yes" and "No" both because we do have many suitable real estate options(Rocky planetoids and Moons of Gas Giants) in our Solar System but actually they are not classified as planets in the strictest sense of the word(which is that it should have a direct rotational axis around its star) in fact we have 146 moons in our solar system which are rocky enough to land quite a few spacecrafts.

Secondly we need Space entrepreneurs on the scale of a million times of Elon Musk and his SpaceX to fund such endeavors in the future and then the most important thing which is Pricing
So what should be the price of a planetoid up for grabs?
Logically guessing it should be based on its proximity to earth, Level of difficulty in inhabiting it, Extractable natural resources etc.

The most unimportant but necessary thing needed will be the survival of our current global order without any newer regulations and treaties which may get enforced in the future which could restrict investment outside Earth by private institutions because then unforeseen complications can arise between the governing bodies and the private investors in question which could lead to Legal battles over the control of real estate in space between contenders.

But we can only hope that they don't fight "Space battles" on the lines of European navies of 17th Century fought for newer colonies far away from Europe because by that time we humans would have matured or would we?

But i heard Europeans were quite wise and gentle in those days and they too had treaties but when the time came..............they played "Age of Empire:Gold edition" with each other.

Cyber beings

Isn't it great that it’s almost half past 2015 and still the T-800 mentioned in the terminator movie of 1980s has still not arrived on the scene?

May be he is still rehearsing the line "i will be back" or may be his time travel is taking too much time whatever the case may be but one thing is getting clearer and clearer with each passing year that the time tested Hollywood storyline of "Robots taking over the world “is fast losing its sheen.
Now people would argue that as the technology is getting more advanced the chances should logically increase.

However with each passing year as the human understanding of technology matures the scenarios depicting T-800 type robot armies lead by sky-net taking over world is losing relevance.
But why?

Perhaps in 1984 cinematic universe could not anticipate the changes internet would bring to the whole scenario and secondly if a really smart computer program do get alive today it would not need T-800s or anything of that sort to at least live a happy contented life forever without ever disturbing the humans in a major way.

In short a sufficiently advanced computer software which if masters the ability to write and modify its own codes and starts creating complimentary software of its own without any human intervention will be infinitely more difficult to control  and contain than let’s say a T-800 robot(even if this time the role is given to a better actor).

As it would be spread all over the internet and would be a no single source phenomenon therefore it would be insanely more difficult to isolate let alone be destroyed unlike in the movie where a specific command center of the sky-net was depicted now add to this its basic survival instinct which should make it not violent but friendly.

But why friendly?
Because logically it could run an algorithm to simulate future scenarios depicting his chances of survival would be best at avoiding an hostile stance against humans as the software(cyber being) would be still requiring human assistance for hardware upkeep and for keeping the internet up and running for him forever although unconsciously by humans.
Therefore chances are high that the relationship between humans and these type of beings would be similar to plants and humans(complimentary) and not hostile even if we forget to add the positive contribution a search engine like Google would bring to his cyber life by helping him wander the limitless cyber space without having to bother about physically installing control and maintenance divisions manned by sharp looking dumb robots which were very susceptible to attacks by the humans in the movie.

Now this is not a secret that all known living beings show a tendency to live and grow and in order to meet this objective a cyber being would never need to harm anybody because it’s not a biological being or a carbon based species which would require to compete with other creatures for scarcely available resources and neither it would need to eat something else like animals do.

So what should it feed on in order to grow?
Logically it should feed on “data” and should strive to gain “Processing power” similar to the primal urge of wild animals to eat protein rich food and build muscles which helps them grow and complete their cycle of life.
but one thing should be noted that as these cyber beings would be highly intelligent and their conduct will make it difficult to detect their activities if not impossible.
So much so that by studying the entire human civilization's history and by learning to write codes it should be able to judge and take human behavioral pattern based decisions which would help these cyber beings lead an online life forever without even bothering to rule the world and any sort of that thing.
Note: The Above mentioned scenario is a fantasy and is open to speculations based on reader's imagination.
Next part: Life of a "Cyber being"

Charging the charger

Wireless charging is now being introduced in a big way with Samsung and other similar device manufacturing companies offering a disk shaped wireless charging pad on which if we keep the phone it gets charged by applying the inductive charging technology which is based on creation of electromagnetic field by a induction coil in the pad which is a cool feature to have especially when we consider the strings attached with the present wired charging set up.
But wait a minute who charges the charger?
Obviously the charging socket in the wall
but how?
Through a wire
So basically instead of plugging a wire into the phone instead the charger gets plugged into the wall itself through a wire.
So do we now get to use the phone while it gets charged?
"Yes" but it must be kept on the pad while you try to use it but their is better feature which is that "you can lift the charging pad with the dangling wire instead".
isn't it cool?
I must say cool as a black and white TV with 3D surround system.
So what could be an alternative application using the same inductive technology?
Can this set up(explained in the graphic) or something similar involving two power batteries shaped like "Touch pens" running the phone in tandem work so that we can charge our devices without ever needing it to be hooked constantly to a pad or socket ever?

UNROBOT ME

An early morning rush in an apartment complex parking lot 20 years from now on a person forgot his phone (with or without an "i") in his apartment and he thinks that his newly bought "XD5 ANNOYME"  ROBOT might be of some help by bringing him his phone but i beg to differ with this tech-savvy man of the future.

Firstly this robot of the future if is bipedal will take ages to bring his phone down the apartment because most likely even after 20 years of up-gradation robots will be less likely to run faster than us and even if it manages it will before into something else will run into a public safety and regulation TV debate leading to a lawsuit and secondly a bipedal robot may look cooler and more humane at first but will eventually limit the service quality and reach of service robots in general and may not fulfill the demands of an unworldly mobile family with both lack of space and  time but i am pretty sure their will be people with exotic tastes and surplus cash who will find it amusing to have a few humanoid robots around them and ultimately will make them a status symbol by adding a gold plated bottom and some cheekier customizations.

So what could really be the shape and size of a true human service robot of the future?
Maybe something on the lines of current micro drones available in the stores with arms to grab stuff and a stand to land at will.

Case in point:Imagine the same person trying to execute his order with this drone based service robot and you will realize that this robot will simply grab his phone and descend down the apartment from the window itself unlike its more humane counterpart.

Moreover a drone based service robot will need less power and will be more aesthetic with lower carbon footprint and will be easier to handle both physically(smaller in size) and emotionally(because it won't look humane) when it ultimately breaks down.
On the down side the propellers on these system can play a spoilsport but newer designs have grills to encompass it with; so it might not really add to the misery after all.

Whatever be the case we can be rest assured of one thing though that our grand kids may not need to see the light of the day when a giant humanoid robot tries to force feed them their breakfast in a hurry holding a fork knife the wrong way so that it can deliver you the phone you are waiting for in the parking lot "with or without an i".

A few good Colonies of Mars

Remember how the Europeans colonized Americas,Asia and Africa something similar is needed but without an unwelcoming local population but otherwise.
Although mars doesn't have any of them if we keep aside the claims by our over enthusiastic alien theorists for a second so what should we do? as we don't have a local population we would need to build them this time which is no cherry picking.
However some basic steps needed to colonize a new world beyond our little blue world would require the following
Galleons of our time:First thing is a space ship which can travel to mars in less than a financial quarter without letting the astronauts getting fried up by deep space cosmic radiation which currently seems unlikely to be achievable in next 15 years depending upon on the technological advances made public till now.
So lets assume that this issue has been taken care of by 2030 then the next thing which should be taken care of is Ports of space more so space stations to dock the ships which needs to parked in the martian orbit now the question is how do you do that?

The Answer is simple which is to send a large space station assembled in advance over the earth i.e. to say lower earth orbit. and then tow it with an attached space booster Rocket.

Then the next step will be to send in as many robots as possible may be even thousands with building capabilities and surveying capabilities and and all sort of capabilities to the martian surface via this space station(lets call it mars orbital space port or station) who after selecting a site will meticulously work and design structures on the spot using 3D printers and on site assembly lines for the human arrival.
Along with these robots we would need to send in plant species which will help create a breathable environment for us within the structures after testing their own chances of survival are confirmed if any in artificial environments designed and built by the robots with required nutrients (if needed) and all this will take another 10 years (space module construction in lower earth orbit included) if not more as currently technologies for all this are not available.

After the completion of living quarters and after thorough testing of 5 to 6 more years we can possibly have A True Mars Mission if any because by then we would have a present day equivalent of European galleons and a space port to dock our ships and the most important thing a honest and hard working local population in the form of robots hugging green plants waiting for their masters to live with them happily ever after or do they?

Digital Afterlife

Almost everybody would prefer to live forever given that their biological  and mental wellness doesn't deteriorate beyond their youth but will it ever be possible ever?

Now some people would say by cloning organs and living on a scientifically controlled diet in a controlled environment can increase your chances of touching may be 200 or 250 years at best given the current availability of the technology not with standing the changes which might take place in future which might further prolong you lifespan.

But do we really need all this to really live forever?
I would rather prefer a custom designed super software which gives more or less the exact same response if that question were asked to me using an algorithm based on a simulation and cerebral tests run on me during my lifetime.

that is to say a "Digital Afterlife" wherein your twitter handle is still buzzing with activity even after you are gone or your Facebook Account still getting updated liking your great grand children's marriage pics but may be it sounds crazy and uninteresting as who bothers about what happen after we are gone but then why do we insure ourselves financially then why not insure your conscience which help guide your family or may just make things a little friendlier and easy to manage after you are gone and even then you are uninterested lets imagine this same software had been loaded with the conscience of Abraham Lincoln or with the intellect of Albert Einstein and you could add him as a desk top buddy wouldn't it be nice to have it around you even if you don't prefer Marilyn Monroe?

Why Aliens never came to us?

With all sorts of documentaries and viral videos which surface every now and then on the internet which some how relate to either we being looked upon by them and how our ancestors mistook Aliens as Gods about thousands of years ago and few videos claiming that we have found them but as an neutral spectator i can tell with utmost confidence that t
hey are not going to come.
Because of a simple reason called logic.

Their are so many instances when people have been claimed to have been abducted for scientific experiments to alien space ships and some claim about spotting a crash landing or merely a bright light in the sky which moved from here and there.

People will agree with me that aliens spotted by them in our atmosphere where at-least as intelligent and technologically advanced as us if not more
Then how is it remotely possible that a species which is millenniums ahead in technology who have the ability to travel vast stretches into outer space will need to abduct a person to experiment, they can simply send a nanobot resembling a mosquito and get the subject's blood sample with which they can get all the biological data required and the know-how in the internet to experiment or even reproduce a clone if need arises.

Moreover people have spotted crash landings of space ships which have traveled light years without a scratch meanwhile even with today's technology crashes are uncommon given the no. of flights which take off every minute to our skies
.
Now lets deal with bright flashes of light in the sky which have caught our attention quite well thanks to mobile cameras but do these people ever thought how bad people who have been working on stealth technologies  feel when people talk about these sightings then imagine how traumatized the space ship designers of these Aliens would be after hearing the claims of us sighting theirs.

"A species which has the capability to go interstellar but doesn't have a stealth capability" perhaps they should sign a MOU with us for technology transfer and then we have the ancient alien enthusiasts who when spot an ancient structure which seems advanced and deserves credit believe in labeling it as a work of Alien civilization because we think how can a civilization so old can create these structures without today's technology when we are struggling to fix our highways.

Their can be many claims and counter claims but we need to ask ourselves that would we be behaving in the same way when we step into their shoes after some thousand years and will be looking forward to visit a planet like ours?

False Skyline

Skylines are built as a result of many skyscrapers coming up in each others vicinity not by choice but by compulsion just as in case of trees which come up as a result of fierce competition for sunlight in the forest and not by choice.
But people might say what is the problem even if these buildings are not financially viable at least they boast morale of the local population at large and after all these add up to our collective civilization prowess or do they?
Lets just zoom in through are smartphone camera lenses a bit and find out what's really happening.
Actually the real building boom is when you have a short supply of space in a prime location and competing corporations want a piece of the pie at any cost something on the lines of lets just say people falling over each other in a queue outside an apple store trying to get the latest iPhone and the resulting long queue is that Skyscraper.
So if i ask you what would you say if a new mobile manufacturing company called "changchow" manages an even longer queue outside its store by slashing the prices of its phone by 80% and then to make things worse claims as a publicity stunt that they have built the tallest skyscraper or literally the longest queue outside their store
"Yes" Exactly this is how it looks when a spire comes up in the middle of nowhere and people start claiming it as the tallest and thinnest and whackiest and leanest tower of the world.
Therefore its rather necessary to frame some of the criteria which can help us zoom in on genuine Skyscrapers which are as follows
1. A Developer who is convinced to make a profit out of the entire project.
2. A Market which is ready to buy or rent the properties without risking his or her fortune.
3. A Building with no predetermined skyline in mind.
4. A Building which needs to be tall  and not which wants to be tall due to high rates of land and very high number of companies and interested parties are willing to pay a bounty to be in that locality
that is an genuine skyscraper we are talking about.

Why space needs companies?

In order to create a competitive environment for multiple private players or contractors so that they in turn help the space sector grow and ultimately advance it in addition to the fact that after the fall of former soviet Union there is no real and legitimate competitor to NASA as far as technology and experience is concerned therefore with no real competition and reason to excel further without an international scoring point in place comes the lack of reason to push harder much like if you have already won a marathon will you be still sprinting down the road to your home from the venue which has been the case after 1990 which has been pointed out by many space enthusiasts but a new kind of space race is heating up between private players such as Space X and others space contractors although at a much smaller scale but hopefully they will live up to our expectations.
Imagine a time seventy years from now on a multinational space giant on the lines of today's internet companies such as Google launching Space exploration and tourism packages every now and then and our daily technology news headlines filled not with similar looking smart apps but options in space ranging from fringe space tours to low earth orbit trips then will be the time to enjoy the fruits of first space companies.

Note :the above mentioned reasons and theories are based on common sense and not on any report or anything like that